UK's Heathrow airport
People wishing to travel out of the UK will first be required to declare their reason for travel and prove it is essential.
Home secretary Priti Patel said declarations would be checked by carriers and there would be increased police at airports and ports.
Ms Patel said anyone who doesn't have a valid reason for travel will be directed to return home or face a fine.
The Prime Minister earlier said UK nationals and residents returning from "red list" Covid hotspots would have to quarantine in government-provided hotels at their own expense for up to 10 days.
Under the national lockdown, people must only travel abroad for essential reasons.
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